Agriculture 1950 - 1990

Date : 24.4.2020
Sub  : Economics
Class : 12
Day   : 4
Period : 5
Time    : 10:45am- 11:25am

Learning Objectives 

• Importance of Indian Agriculture
• Problems of Indian Agriculture
• Through the points explained above students come to know the state of Agriculture from 1950-1990

 A very good morning students 

Thank you for logging in 

I hope you have understood the objectives of the five year plan plans ,

Today we will be looking at the importance and problems of agriculture during 1950 -1990

IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY

1. Contribution to National Income : - 1950-51  59% of India's National Income was generated                                                                     from agricultural sector.

                                                                - Though agricultural development programmes got                                                                               importance but the non-agricultural sector grew at a                                                                         faster rate.

                                                                - Presently (2014-2015) share of agricultural sector has                                                                         declined to just 17.4%.

2. Supply of Food Grains :             - Foodgrains and Fodder are basic and essential and basic                                                                   commodities for living.

                                                          -  Food requirements of 1.3 billion Indians are also met by                                                                    the agriculture sector.

                                                          - India is now self sufficient in foodgrains ,especially in                                                                        wheat  and   rice.

                                                          - Fodder for nearly 25 crore livestock is also available from                                                                 agriculture sector.

3. Source of Employment  :            - In 1951 , about 72% of the working population was                                                                             engaged  in  agriculture.

                                                          - By 1991 it has come down to 66%

                                                          - 2014 it has further come down to 47.1%.

                                                         - Still considered as a major source of livelihood.

4.Supply of Raw Materials :        - The agricultural sector provides raw materials to industrial                                                              sector.

                                                        - The industrial sector would require wood, cotton , jute, etc                                                                to  run and it is the agricultural sector that can provide these                                                            raw  materials.

5 Market for Industrial sector :  - There are a lot of Industries that are dependent on                                                                              Agricultural sector.

                                                        - Agricultural industries nees Fertilizers, Pesticides, Tractors,                                                            etc. Thus, the Agricultural sector is a Market for Industrial                                                              sector.

PROBLEMS OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE

1. Lack of Irrigation Facility :   - The Indian farmers lacked irrigational irrigational facilities                                                              and depended only on the Monsoon season.

2. Small and Scattered holding :    - A plot of land was divided and further sub- divided.                                                                           therefore  resulting in less production.

                                                         - Cultivation on such frafmented land can only be done by                                                                    labour intensive techniques.

3. Conventional Outlook :             - Socio- Economic factors like farmers conservative outlook,                                                                ignorance,illeteracy, superstition etc stand in the way of                                                                    adoption of  modern technology in agriculture

4. Deficit in Institutional Financing : - Institutional credit was quite inadequate.Thus, Indian                                                                        farmers were exploited in the hands of village money                                                                          .lenders for supply of finance.

5. Lack of Organised Marketing :       Agriculture marketing system was highly unorganised.                                                                      Thus, cultivators were exploited in the hands of                                                                                  middlemen

PLease go through the video link sent to you 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTPvGe4EeLQ&t=439s

Please revise the notes for the preperation of your examination